Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that affects many young children in
the United States. The disorder, marked by blockage of the upper respiratory tract, causes patients to experience pauses in breathing while they sleep. Obstruction could be caused by structural deformities in the throat and nose or other physical problems. Typically, children diagnosed with sleep apnea should seek out medical treatment immediately, because inadequate blood-oxygen levels that occur as a result of irregular breathing could lead to significant developmental issues as the child matures.
What are the Symptoms of Sleep Apnea in Children?
Parents of children with sleep apnea will often notice that their kids exhibit irregular nighttime breathing. The child might stop breathing for long periods of time and then suddenly gasp or make a choking sound, waking themselves up. Children with obstructive sleep apnea will sometimes snore and sweat during sleep as well. During the day, the child may feel very tired as a result of poor sleep the night before. Other conditions associated with obstructive sleep apnea in children include:
- Wetting the bed
- Hyperactive behavior
- Frequently diagnosed upper respiratory infections
- Developmental problems
- Trouble concentrating and learning at school
- Problems with depression
- Irritability
- Abnormal weight gain or loss
- High blood pressure
- Sleeping in abnormal positions
- Confusion
- A tendency to pull or retract the chest inward at night
- Night terrors
- Nightmares
- Restlessness at night
How Do I Know If My Child Has Sleep Apnea?
Monitoring your child’s sleep patterns overnight either at home with a special sleep study kit or at a professional sleep lab is a great way to find out whether he or she has obstructive sleep apnea. During any such sleep study, your child’s brain activity, breathing patterns, heart rate and body movement will be observed carefully for signs of obstructed breathing. A sleep study is a non-invasive and painless test that most children will be able to tolerate without distress. You can order this test, also called a polysomnography, at any sleep center. Most insurance companies will cover the cost.
What Treatment is Available for My Child’s Sleep Apnea?
Most cases of obstructive sleep apnea in children can be traced back to enlarged tonsils or adenoids. The removal of these blocking structures usually cures the sleep disorder completely. However, when this minor and very common surgery does not fix nighttime breathing, parents do have the option of giving their child appropriate respiratory equipment at night. There is a device called a CPAP machine designed to keep the airways open with pressurized air throughout the night. CPAP, or continuous positive airway pressure, is administered to the child through a simple mask attached to the CPAP machine. CPAP is the gold standard of treatment for sleep apnea, but unfortunately many children feel intimidated by the device or may feel restricted by it; but overall, the technique is well tolerated and very effective. More invasive sleep apnea surgery may be suggested as a last resort for children with severe sleep apnea who do not respond well to CPAP. There is also family counseling available to help children get used to using their CPAP machines on a nightly basis. Whatever treatment you ultimately decide to go with, the first step is to have the disorder diagnosed. If you suspect your child is suffering from sleep apnea, contact a local sleep clinic immediately.



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